(English_(US)_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0a)=
# English (US) MFA dictionary v2.0.0a

``````{dictionary} English (US) MFA dictionary v2.0.0a
:id: "English (US) MFA dictionary v2_0_0a"
:tags: English;MFA;IPA
:language: "English"
:dialect: US
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/us_mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`english_(us)_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_0a`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/us_mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Dental
  - Alveolar
  - Alveopalatal
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 17131
        * Examples
          * demos: [d   ɛ   m   o w   z]
          * moore: [m   ʊ   ɹ]
          * sami: [s   ɑ ː   m ʲ   i]
          * edm: [ɛ   d   m]
      * mʲ
        * Occurrences: 3970
        * Examples
          * grimy: [ɡ   ɹ   a j   m ʲ   i]
          * media: [m ʲ   i ː   d ʲ   i   ə]
          * roomy: [ɹ   ʉ ː   m ʲ   i]
          * amine: [æ   m ʲ   i ː   n]
      * m̩
        * Occurrences: 1753
        * Examples
          * mgm: [m ʲ   ɪ   ɡ   m ̩]
          * maxim: [m   æ   k   s   m ̩]
          * totem: [t ʰ   o w   t   m ̩]
          * no'm: [n   o w   m ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɱ
        * Occurrences: 1295
        * Examples
          * infra: [ɪ   ɱ   f   ɹ   ə]
          * mvp: [ɛ   ɱ   v ʲ   i ː   p ʰ   i ː]
          * infix: [ɪ   ɱ   f ʲ   ɪ   k   s]
          * banff: [b   æ   ɱ   f]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 33097
        * Examples
          * indus: [ɪ   n   d   ə   s]
          * not: [n   ɑ   t]
          * nadia: [n   ɑ   d ʲ   i   ə]
          * airan: [a j   ɹ   ɑ   n]
      * n̩
        * Occurrences: 7202
        * Examples
          * karan: [c ʰ   ɛ   ɹ   n ̩]
          * boron: [b   ɒ   ɹ   n ̩]
          * pagan: [p ʰ   e j   ɡ   n ̩]
          * asian: [e j   ʒ   n ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 8373
        * Examples
          * lenin: [l   ɛ   ɲ   ɪ   n]
          * manes: [m   ɑ ː   ɲ   e j   z]
          * lenny: [l   ɛ   ɲ   i]
          * ennis: [ɛ   ɲ   ɪ   s]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 8452
        * Examples
          * sung: [s   ɐ   ŋ]
          * ganga: [ɡ   ɑ ː   ŋ   ɡ   ə]
          * sank: [s   æ   ŋ   k]
          * plunk: [p   l   ɐ   ŋ   k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 10066
        * Examples
          * bacup: [b   e j   k ʰ   ɐ   p]
          * pario: [p ʰ   ɛ   ɹ   i   o w]
          * prill: [p   ɹ   ɪ   ɫ]
          * paren: [p ʰ   ə   ɹ   ɛ   n]
    * voiced
      * b
        * Occurrences: 12687
        * Examples
          * barff: [b   ɑ   ɹ   f]
          * rabe: [ɹ   e j   b]
          * byte: [b   a j   t]
          * brink: [b   ɹ   ɪ   ŋ   k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪
        * Occurrences: 99
        * Examples
          * thank: [t ̪   æ   ŋ   k]
          * think: [t ̪   ɪ   ŋ]
          * both: [b   o w   t ̪]
          * thumb: [t ̪   ɐ   m]
    * voiced
      * d̪
        * Occurrences: 119
        * Examples
          * there: [d ̪   ɚ]
          * theys: [d ̪   e j   z]
          * oaths: [o w   d ̪   z]
          * that: [d ̪   æ   t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 25687
        * Examples
          * alate: [e j   l   e j   t]
          * ftp: [ɛ   f   t ʲ   i ː   p ʰ   i ː]
          * azote: [æ   z   o w   t]
          * liter: [ʎ   i ː   t   ɚ]
    * voiced
      * d
        * Occurrences: 19715
        * Examples
          * kited: [c ʰ   a j   t ʲ   ɪ   d]
          * jax: [d ʒ   æ   k   s]
          * judy: [d ʒ   ʉ ː   d ʲ   i]
          * dunks: [d   ɐ   ŋ   k   s]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 5764
        * Examples
          * skink: [s   c   ɪ   ŋ   k]
          * keke: [c ʰ   i ː   k]
          * katy: [c ʰ   e j   t ʲ   i]
          * kilns: [c ʰ   ɪ   ɫ   n   z]
    * voiced
      * ɟ
        * Occurrences: 3442
        * Examples
          * grier: [ɟ   ɹ   ɪ   ɹ]
          * gish: [ɟ   ɪ   ʃ]
          * gink: [ɟ   ɪ   ŋ   k]
          * guile: [ɟ   a j   ɫ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 15737
        * Examples
          * trax: [t   ɹ   æ   k   s]
          * hawk: [h   ɒ   k]
          * jerk: [d ʒ   ɝ   k]
          * tcler: [t ʰ   ɪ   k   l   ɚ]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 5664
        * Examples
          * guts: [ɡ   ɐ   t   s]
          * gusto: [ɡ   ɐ   s   t   o w]
          * gow: [ɡ   a w]
          * dagan: [d   æ   ɡ   n ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 1719
        * Examples
          * greet: [ɟ   ɹ   i ː   ʔ]
          * cut: [k ʰ   ɐ   ʔ]
          * skate: [s   c   e j   ʔ]
          * yeet: [j   i ː   ʔ]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tʃ
        * Occurrences: 3501
        * Examples
          * chips: [t ʃ   ɪ   p   s]
          * chill: [t ʃ   ɪ   ɫ]
          * situ: [s   i ː   t ʃ   ʉ]
          * chap: [t ʃ   æ   p]
    * voiced
      * dʒ
        * Occurrences: 5576
        * Examples
          * john: [d ʒ   ɑ   n]
          * jiggy: [d ʒ   ɪ   ɟ   i]
          * joist: [d ʒ   ɔ j   s   t]
          * mjg: [ɛ   m   d ʒ   e j   d ʒ   i ː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 40696
        * Examples
          * tops: [t ʰ   ɑ   p   s]
          * slopy: [s   l   o w   p ʲ   i]
          * swink: [s   w   ɪ   ŋ   k]
          * strep: [s   t   ɹ   ɛ   p]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 18324
        * Examples
          * byers: [b   a j   ɹ   z]
          * sizz: [s   ɪ   z]
          * ales: [e j   l   z]
          * gauze: [ɡ   ɒ ː   z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʃ
        * Occurrences: 9770
        * Examples
          * sdch: [s   æ   n   d   w   ɪ   t ʃ]
          * apush: [e j   p ʰ   ʊ   ʃ]
          * apish: [e j   p ʲ   ɪ   ʃ]
          * ashes: [æ   ʃ   ɪ   z]
    * voiced
      * ʒ
        * Occurrences: 744
        * Examples
          * jolt: [d ʒ   o w   ɫ   t]
          * jawed: [d ʒ   ɒ ː   d]
          * gyrus: [d ʒ   a j   ɹ   ə   s]
          * gmpp: [d ʒ   i ː   ɛ   m   p ʰ   i ː   p ʰ   i ː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 9087
        * Examples
          * faw: [f   ɒ ː]
          * oft: [ɒ ː   f   t]
          * farre: [f   ɛ   ɹ]
          * flier: [f   l   a j   ɚ]
      * fʲ
        * Occurrences: 2640
        * Examples
          * flues: [f ʲ   ʎ   ʉ ː   z]
          * finn: [f ʲ   ɪ   n]
          * flu: [f ʲ   ʎ   ʉ ː]
          * fiat: [f ʲ   i   æ   t]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 6556
        * Examples
          * luvz: [l   ɐ   v   z]
          * haven: [ç   e j   v   n ̩]
          * aaav: [e j   e j   e j   v ʲ   i ː]
          * vis: [v ʲ   ɪ   s]
      * vʲ
        * Occurrences: 2015
        * Examples
          * virid: [v ʲ   ɪ   ɹ   ɪ   d]
          * tavis: [t ʰ   æ   v ʲ   ɪ   s]
          * vigor: [v ʲ   ɪ   ɡ   ɚ]
          * veal: [v ʲ   i ː   ɫ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * θ
        * Occurrences: 2723
        * Examples
          * thaw: [θ   ɒ ː]
          * thrum: [θ   ɹ   ɐ   m]
          * mirth: [m   ɝ   θ]
          * thuja: [θ   ʉ   d ʒ   ə]
    * voiced
      * ð
        * Occurrences: 615
        * Examples
          * th': [ð]
          * that: [ð   æ   t]
          * this: [ð   ɪ   s]
          * them: [ð   m ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ç
        * Occurrences: 1080
        * Examples
          * herod: [ç   ɛ   ɹ   ə   d]
          * hit: [ç   ɪ   t]
          * hews: [ç   ʉ ː   z]
          * hadal: [ç   e j   d   ɫ ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 4130
        * Examples
          * lehua: [l   ɛ   h   ʉ ː   ə]
          * hot: [h   ɑ   t]
          * hardy: [h   ɑ   ɹ   d ʲ   i]
          * hurts: [h   ɝ   t   s]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 6425
        * Examples
          * odors: [o w   d   ɚ   z]
          * wino: [w   ɪ   n   o w]
          * tweak: [t   w   i ː   k]
          * vogue: [v   o w   ɡ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɹ
        * Occurrences: 40835
        * Examples
          * fakir: [f   ɑ   c   ɪ   ɹ]
          * realm: [ɹ   ɛ   ɫ   m]
          * sears: [s   ɪ   ɹ   z]
          * irony: [a j   ɹ   ə   ɲ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 1286
        * Examples
          * mia: [ɛ   m   a j   e j]
          * duvet: [d ʲ   ʉ ː   v   e j]
          * piles: [p ʰ   a j   ɫ   z]
          * baily: [b   e j   ʎ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Tap`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɾ
        * Occurrences: 4860
        * Examples
          * vital: [v   a j   ɾ   ɫ ̩]
          * anita: [ə   ɲ   i ː   ɾ   ə]
          * sotho: [s   o w   ɾ   o w]
          * etc: [ɛ   k   s   ɛ   ɾ   ə   ɹ   ə]
      * ɾʲ
        * Occurrences: 5674
        * Examples
          * faded: [f   e j   ɾ ʲ   ɪ   d]
          * snati: [s   ɲ   æ   ɾ ʲ   i]
          * rorty: [ɹ   ɒ   ɹ   ɾ ʲ   i]
          * saudi: [s   a w   ɾ ʲ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 13694
        * Examples
          * flex: [f   l   ɛ   k   s]
          * lye: [l   a j]
          * luvs: [l   ɐ   v   z]
          * lent: [l   ɛ   n   t]
      * ɫ
        * Occurrences: 6541
        * Examples
          * alma: [æ   ɫ   m   ə]
          * patel: [p ʰ   ə   t ʰ   ɛ   ɫ]
          * spill: [s   p ʲ   ɪ   ɫ]
          * wells: [w   ɛ   ɫ   z]
      * ɫ̩
        * Occurrences: 5799
        * Examples
          * sigil: [s   ɪ   d ʒ   ɫ ̩]
          * hovel: [h   ɐ   v   ɫ ̩]
          * vocal: [v   o w   k   ɫ ̩]
          * nasal: [ɲ   e j   z   ɫ ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʎ
        * Occurrences: 11435
        * Examples
          * lethe: [ʎ   i ː   θ   i]
          * lunar: [ʎ   ʉ   n   ɚ]
          * delhi: [d   ɛ   ʎ   i]
          * haply: [h   æ   p ʲ   ʎ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 19731
        * Examples
          * ceil: [s   i ː   ɫ]
          * gulfy: [ɡ   ɐ   ɫ   f ʲ   i]
          * teem: [t ʲ   i ː   m]
          * curia: [c ʰ   ʉ ː   ɹ   i   ə]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 7208
        * Examples
          * pea: [p ʰ   i ː]
          * gaea: [d ʒ   i ː   ə]
          * sui: [s   w   i ː]
          * eprix: [i ː   p   ɹ   i ː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʉ
        * Occurrences: 2738
        * Examples
          * whose: [h   ʉ ː   z]
          * pule: [p ʲ   ʉ ː   ɫ]
          * boot: [b   ʉ ː   t]
          * lula: [ʎ   ʉ   l   ə]
      * ʉː
        * Occurrences: 5399
        * Examples
          * toon: [t ʰ   ʉ ː   n]
          * roup: [ɹ   ʉ ː   p]
          * new: [ɲ   ʉ ː]
          * spool: [s   p   ʉ ː   ɫ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɪ
        * Occurrences: 55252
        * Examples
          * min: [m ʲ   ɪ   n]
          * swing: [s   w   ɪ   ŋ]
          * humid: [ç   ʉ ː   m ʲ   ɪ   d]
          * comic: [k ʰ   ɑ   m ʲ   ɪ   k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʊ
        * Occurrences: 2805
        * Examples
          * jurat: [d ʒ   ʊ   ɹ   æ   t]
          * oopsy: [ʊ   p   s   i]
          * nuqta: [n   ʊ   k   t   ə]
          * usual: [j   ʉ ː   ʒ   ʊ   ɫ ̩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ej
        * Occurrences: 14915
        * Examples
          * inane: [ɪ   ɲ   e j   n]
          * dkx: [d ʲ   i ː   c ʰ   e j   ɛ   k   s]
          * beta: [b   e j   t   ə]
          * waco: [w   e j   k   o w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ow
        * Occurrences: 11587
        * Examples
          * does: [d   o w   z]
          * juno: [d ʒ   ʉ   n   o w]
          * demos: [d   ɛ   m   o w   z]
          * bayou: [b   a j   o w]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 43919
        * Examples
          * semla: [s   ɛ   m   l   ə]
          * agen: [e j   d ʒ   ə   n]
          * aziz: [ə   z   i ː   z]
          * karma: [k ʰ   ɑ   ɹ   m   ə]
      * ɚ
        * Occurrences: 11800
        * Examples
          * rager: [ɹ   e j   d ʒ   ɚ]
          * mater: [m   e j   t   ɚ]
          * shiur: [ʃ   i ː   ɚ]
          * acter: [æ   k   t   ɚ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 21670
        * Examples
          * cared: [c ʰ   ɛ   ɹ   d]
          * faria: [f   ɛ   ɹ   i   ə]
          * ettin: [ɛ   t ʲ   ɪ   n]
          * steck: [s   t   ɛ   k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɝ
        * Occurrences: 4068
        * Examples
          * serb: [s   ɝ   b]
          * apert: [ə   p ʰ   ɝ   t]
          * foehn: [f   ɝ   n]
          * kirby: [k ʰ   ɝ   b ʲ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * æ
        * Occurrences: 18489
        * Examples
          * ascot: [æ   s   k   ɑ ː   t]
          * jan: [d ʒ   æ   n]
          * amply: [æ   m   p ʲ   ʎ   i]
          * gaz: [ɡ   æ   z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɐ
        * Occurrences: 8383
        * Examples
          * huns: [h   ɐ   n   z]
          * budge: [b   ɐ   d ʒ]
          * musk: [m   ɐ   s   k]
          * hasta: [h   ɐ   s   t   ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɑ
        * Occurrences: 12257
        * Examples
          * graz: [ɡ   ɹ   ɑ ː   t   s]
          * shock: [ʃ   ɑ   k]
          * fossa: [f   ɑ   s   ə]
          * hark: [h   ɑ   ɹ   k]
      * ɑː
        * Occurrences: 2841
        * Examples
          * nawab: [n   ə   w   ɑ ː   b]
          * draff: [d   ɹ   ɑ ː   f]
          * redox: [ɹ   ɪ   d   ɑ ː   k   s]
          * lavas: [l   ɑ ː   v   ə   s]
    * rounded
      * ɒ
        * Occurrences: 6255
        * Examples
          * cross: [k   ɹ   ɒ   s]
          * soars: [s   ɒ   ɹ   z]
          * arlon: [ɑ   ɹ   l   ɒ ː   n]
          * volvo: [v   ɒ   ɫ   v   o w]
      * ɒː
        * Occurrences: 1776
        * Examples
          * falls: [f   ɒ ː   ɫ   z]
          * staal: [s   t   ɒ ː   ɫ]
          * vaut: [v   ɒ ː   t]
          * auks: [ɒ ː   k   s]
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`aj`
* {ipa_inline}`aw`
* {ipa_inline}`ej`
* {ipa_inline}`ow`
* {ipa_inline}`ɔj`